science-notes/source/statistics/introduction.rst
2023-10-14 17:13:16 +02:00

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Introduction
==================
Metrics
----------------
* **Expected value/Espérance**: Noted :math:`\mathbb{E}[X]`, is a **theorical value**. For example, when playing coin
flipping, the expected value for getting heads or tails is 0.5.
Variance
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Variance can be seen as the expected squared deviation from the expected value of a random variable :math:`X`.
.. math::
\mathbb{V}[X]=\mathbb{E}[X-\mathbb{E}[X]]^2=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \mathbb{E}[X])^2}{n}=\mathrm{Cov}(X,X)
Covariance
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Covariance is a way to quantify the relationship between two random variables :math:`X` and
:math:`Y` (`source <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtaqvPAeEJY>`_). Covariance **DOES NOT**
quantify how strong this correlation is! If covariance is:
Positive
For large values of :math:`X`, :math:`Y` is also taking large values
Negative
For large values of :math:`X`, :math:`Y` is also taking low values
Null
No correlation
.. math::
\mathrm{Cov}(X,Y)=\mathbb{E}[(X-\mathbb{E}[X])(Y-\mathbb{E}[Y])]=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \mathbb{E}[X])(y_i - \mathbb{E}[Y])}{n}