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intro draft
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@ -32,19 +32,74 @@ Information and Communication Technology takes a growing part in the worldwide e
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* Introduction [2 col]
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More and more IoT devices: smart building, smart factories, etc.
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Many sending few data, though taking a lot of bandwidth (Sandvine
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report)
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IoT devices, only top of the iceberg: induced consumption on telco net
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and cloud infra
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In this paper, we estimate the overall energy consumption of an IoT
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device environment by combining simulations and real measurements.
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* Introduction
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In 2018, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) was estimated
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to absorb around 3% of the global energy consumption, with a growing
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rate of 9% per year \cite{ShiftProject}. This alarming growing rate is
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explained by the emergence of new applications and new ICT devices
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for smart building, smart factories, smart cities, etc. All these
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connected devices constitute the Internet of Things (IoT): connected
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devices with sensors producing data, actuators interacting with their
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environment and communication means.
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This increase in number of devices implies an increase in the energy
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needed to manufacture and use these devices. Yet, another energy cost is
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directly implied by IoT devices: the cost of computing and
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communication infrastructures they rely on. Indeed, IoT devices
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communicate with Cloud computing infrastructures to store, analyze and
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share their data.
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In February 2019, a report by Cisco stated that ``IoT connections will
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represent more than half (14.6 billion) of all global connected
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devices and connections (28.5 billion) by 2022" \cite{Cisco2019}. This
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will represent more than 6% of global IP traffic, against 3% in
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2017 \cite{Cisco2019}. The IoT devices have an increasing impact on
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Internet bandwidth.
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While some IoT devices produce a lot of data, like smart vehicles for
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instance, many others generate only a small amount of data, like smart
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meters. However, the scale matters here: many small devices can end up
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producing big data. As an example, according to a report published by
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Sandvine in October 2018, the Google Nest Thermostat is the most
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significant IoT device in terms of worldwide connections: it
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represents 0.16% of all connections, ranging 55th on the list of
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connections \cite{Sandvine2018}. As a comparison, the voice assistants
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Alexa and Siri are respectively 97th and 102nd with 0.05% of all
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connections \cite{Sandvine2018}.
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The energy consumption of IoT devices themselves is only the top of
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the iceberg: their use induce energy costs in communication and cloud
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infrastructures. In this paper, we estimate the overall energy
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consumption of an IoT device environment by combining simulations and
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real measurements. We focus on a given application with low bandwidth
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requirement and we evaluate its overall energy consumption: from the
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device, through telecommunication networks, and up to the Cloud data
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center hosting the application. From this analysis, we derive an
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end-to-end energy consumption model that can be used to assess the
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consumption of other IoT devices.
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Our main contributions...
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Sections...
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* Related Work [1 col]
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* Related Work
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Smart industry \cite{Wang2016}
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Smart cities \cite{Ejaz2017}
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* Use-Case [1 col]
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* Use-Case
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.85\linewidth]{./plots/parts2.png}
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\caption{Overview of the IoT architecture.}
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\label{fig:parts}
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\end{figure}
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#+END_EXPORT
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** Application Characteristic
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#+BEGIN_COMMENT
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@ -61,9 +116,19 @@ Smart cities \cite{Ejaz2017}
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#+END_COMMENT
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{./plots/home.png}
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\caption{Overview of IoT devices.}
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\label{fig:IoTdev}
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\end{figure}
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#+END_EXPORT
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** Cloud Infrastructure
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* System Model [2 col]
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* System Model
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The system model is divided in two parts. First, the IoT and the Network part are models through
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simulations. Then, the Cloud part is model using real servers connected to watt-meters. In this way,
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@ -141,7 +206,7 @@ Smart cities \cite{Ejaz2017}
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different requests characteristics namely: \textbf{1)} The number request, to virtually
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add/remove sensors \textbf{2)} The requests interval.
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* Evaluation [3 col]
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* Evaluation
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** IoT/Network Consumption
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In a first place, we start by studying the impact of the sensors position on their energy
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consumption. To this end, we run several simulations in ns-3 with different sensors position. The
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@ -292,9 +357,10 @@ Smart cities \cite{Ejaz2017}
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* Discussion [1 col]
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* Conclusion [1 col]
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* References [1 col]
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* Discussion
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* Conclusion
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\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
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\bibliography{references}
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2019-ICA3PP.pdf
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@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ programming guide through functional cross-volume table of contents, references,
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@misc{noauthor_overview_2016,
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title = {Overview of {IoT} {LPWAN} technologies ({Low} {Power} {Wide} {Area} {Network}) {SIGFOX} \& {LoRa}},
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year = {2016},
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file = {2016 - Overview of IoT LPWAN technologies (Low Power Wid.pdf:/home/loic/.zotero/zotero/383myqxk.default/zotero/storage/7NR3MDCR/2016 - Overview of IoT LPWAN technologies (Low Power Wid.pdf:application/pdf}
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file = {2016 - Overview of IoT LPWAN technologies (Low Power Wid.pdf:/home/loic/.zotero/zotero/383myqxk.default/zotero/storage/7NR3MDCR/2016 - Overview of IoT LPWAN technologies (Low Power Wid.pdf:application/pdf))}
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}
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@misc{noauthor_comprehensive_2016,
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@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ time is verified under different circumstances.},
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@book{kolmogorov_elements_nodate,
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title = {Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle},
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author = {Kolmogorov, A and Fomine, S},
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file = {Kolmogorov A., Fomine S. Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle (2ed..djv:/home/loic/.zotero/zotero/383myqxk.default/zotero/storage/EH2I6EHP/Kolmogorov A., Fomine S. Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle (2ed..djv:image/vnd.djvu;Kolmogorov A., Fomine S. Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle (2ed..djv.pdf:/home/loic/.zotero/zotero/383myqxk.default/zotero/storage/77JTH67G/Kolmogorov A., Fomine S. Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle (2ed..djv.pdf:application/pdf}
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file = {Kolmogorov A., Fomine S. Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle (2ed..djv:/home/loic/.zotero/zotero/383myqxk.default/zotero/storage/EH2I6EHP/Kolmogorov A., Fomine S. Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle (2ed..djv:image/vnd.djvu;Kolmogorov A., Fomine S. Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle (2ed..djv.pdf:/home/loic/.zotero/zotero/383myqxk.default/zotero/storage/77JTH67G/Kolmogorov A., Fomine S. Elements de la theorie des fonctions et de l'analyse fonctionnelle (2ed..djv.pdf:application/pdf))))}
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}
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@book{schwartz_theorie_nodate,
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@ -2327,7 +2327,6 @@ ALGOL 68 is substantially different from ALGOL 60 and was not well received, so
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file = {Shehabi et al. - 2016 - United States Data Center Energy Usage Report.pdf:/home/loic/.zotero/zotero/383myqxk.default/zotero/storage/52D7SSUY/Shehabi et al. - 2016 - United States Data Center Energy Usage Report.pdf:application/pdf}
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}
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<<<<<<< HEAD
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@ARTICLE{Martinez2015,
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author={B. {Martinez} and M. {Montón} and I. {Vilajosana} and J. D. {Prades}},
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journal={IEEE Sensors Journal},
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@ -2383,7 +2382,8 @@ title={{Power consumption of IoT access network technologies}},
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year={2015},
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pages={2818-2823},
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}
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=======
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@article{maity_tcp_2017,
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title = {{TCP} {Download} {Performance} in {Dense} {WiFi} {Scenarios}: {Analysis} and {Solution}},
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volume = {16},
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@ -2420,4 +2420,66 @@ pages={2818-2823},
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pages = {1728--1739},
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file = {Jalali et al. - 2016 - Fog Computing May Help to Save Energy in Cloud Com.pdf:/home/loic/.zotero/zotero/383myqxk.default/zotero/storage/36J4R5W6/Jalali et al. - 2016 - Fog Computing May Help to Save Energy in Cloud Com.pdf:application/pdf}
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}
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>>>>>>> 8a5c1b0606aa5fc875e9cef9881a9e9927ee5b2a
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@inproceedings{ns3-energywifi,
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author = {Wu, He and Nabar, Sidharth and Poovendran, Radha},
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title = {{An Energy Framework for the Network Simulator 3 (NS-3)}},
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booktitle = {International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUTools)},
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year = {2011},
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isbn = {978-1-936968-00-8},
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location = {Barcelona, Spain},
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pages = {222--230},
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}
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@inproceedings{Samie:2016:ITE:2968456.2974004,
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author = {Samie, Farzad and Bauer, Lars and Henkel, J\"{o}rg},
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title = {IoT Technologies for Embedded Computing: A Survey},
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booktitle = {IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES)},
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year = {2016},
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}
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@ARTICLE{7785890,
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author={K. {Wang} and Y. {Wang} and Y. {Sun} and S. {Guo} and J. {Wu}},
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journal={IEEE Communications Magazine},
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title={{Green Industrial Internet of Things Architecture: An Energy-Efficient Perspective}},
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year={2016},
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volume={54},
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number={12},
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pages={48-54},
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}
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@ARTICLE{Sarkar2018,
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author={S. {Sarkar} and S. {Chatterjee} and S. {Misra}},
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journal={IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing},
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title={{Assessment of the Suitability of Fog Computing in the Context of Internet of Things}},
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year={2018},
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volume={6},
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number={1},
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pages={46-59},
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}
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@misc{Sandvine2018,
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author = {Sandvine},
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title = {{The Global Internet Phenomena Report}},
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year = {2018},
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month = Oct.,
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howpublished={\url{https://www.sandvine.com/phenomena}}
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}
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@misc{Cisco2019,
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author = {Cisco},
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title = {{Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends, 2017–2022, White paper}},
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year = {2019},
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month = Feb.,
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howpublished = {\url{https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-741490.html}}
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}
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@misc{ShiftProject,
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author = {The Shift Project},
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title = {{Lean ICT, Pour une sobri\'et\'e num\'erique}},
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year = {2018},
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month = Oct.,
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howpublished = {https://theshiftproject.org/article/pour-une-sobriete-numerique-rapport-shift/}
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}
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