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In a first place, we start by studying the impact of the sensors position on their energy
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In a first place, we start by studying the impact of the sensors position on their energy
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consumption. To this end, we run several simulations in ns-3 with different sensors position. The
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consumption. To this end, we run several simulations in ns-3 with different sensors position. The
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results provided by Figure \ref{fig:sensorsPos} show that sensors position have a very low impact
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results provided by Figure \ref{fig:sensorsPos} show that sensors position have a very low impact
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on the energy consumption and on the application delay. It has an impact of course but it is very
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on the energy consumption and on the application delay. It has an impact of course, but it is very
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limited. This due to the fact that in such a scenario with very small number of communications
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limited. This due to the fact that in such a scenario with very small number of communications
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spread over the time, sensors don't have to contend for accessing to the Wifi channel.
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spread over the time, sensors don't have to contend for accessing to the Wifi channel.
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@ -150,12 +150,13 @@ component, formatting, style, styling, insert
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Previous work \cite{li_end--end_2018} on similar scenario shows that increasing application
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Previous work \cite{li_end--end_2018} on similar scenario shows that increasing application
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accuracy impact strongly the energy consumption in the context of data stream analysis. However,
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accuracy impact strongly the energy consumption in the context of data stream analysis. However,
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in how case, application accuracy is driven by the sensing frequency and thus the transmit
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in our case, application accuracy is driven by the sensing interval and thus, the transmit
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frequency of the sensors. In this way, we vary the transmission frequency of the sensors from 1s
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frequency of the sensors. Therefore, we varied the transmission interval of the sensors from 1s
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to 60s. Figure \ref{fig:frequency} present the effects of the sensors transmission frequency on
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to 60s. Figure \ref{fig:frequency} present the effects of the sensors transmission interval on
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the IoT/Network part energy consumption. In case of small and sporadic network traffic, these
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the IoT/Network part energy consumption. In case of small and sporadic network traffic, these
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results show that with a reasonable transmission frequency the energy consumption of the
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results show that with a reasonable transmission interval the energy consumption of the
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IoT/Network if almost not affected by the variation of this frequency.
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IoT/Network if almost not affected by the variation of this transmission interval. In fact,
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transmitted data are not large enough to leverage the energy consumed by the network.
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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\begin{figure}
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\begin{figure}
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#+END_EXPORT
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#+END_EXPORT
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The number of sensors is the dominant factor that leverage the energy consumption of the
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The number of sensors is a dominant factor that leverage the energy consumption of the
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IoT/Network part. Therefore, we varied the number of sensors in the Wifi cell to analyze its
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IoT/Network part. Therefore, we varied the number of sensors in the Wifi cell to analyze its
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impact. The figure \ref{fig:sensorsNumber} represents the energy consumption of each simulated
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impact. The Figure \ref{fig:sensorsNumber} represents the energy consumed by each simulated part
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part. It is clear that the energy consume by the network is the dominant part. However, since the
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according the the number of sensors. It is clear that the energy consumed by the network is the
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number of sensors is increasing the energy consume by the network will become negligible face to
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dominant part. However, since the number of sensors is increasing the energy consumed by the
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the energy consume by the sensors. In fact, deploying new sensors in the cell do not introduce
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network will become negligible face to the energy consume by the sensors. In fact, deploying new
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much network load. To this end, sensors energy consumption is dominant.
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sensors in the cell do not introduce much network load. To this end, sensors energy consumption
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is dominant.
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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\begin{figure}
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\begin{figure}
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@ -193,11 +195,12 @@ component, formatting, style, styling, insert
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In a first place, we analyze the impact of the VM allocated memory on the server energy
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In a first place, we analyze the impact of the VM allocated memory on the server energy
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consumption. Figure \ref{fig:vmSize} depict the server energy consumption according to the VM
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consumption. Figure \ref{fig:vmSize} depict the server energy consumption according to the VM
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allocated memory for 20 sensors sending data every 10s. Note that red horizontal line represent
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allocated memory for 20 sensors sending data every 10s. Note that horizontal red line represent
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the average energy consumption for sample of energy value. We can see that at each sensing
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the average energy consumption for the considered sample of energy values. We can see that at
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interval, server face to peaks of energy consumption. However, VM allocated memory do not
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each sensing interval, server face to peaks of energy consumption. However, VM allocated memory
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influence energy consumption. In fact, simple database requests do not need any particular huge
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do not influence energy consumption. In fact, simple database requests do not need any particular
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memory access. Thus, remaining experiments are based on VM allocated memory of 1024MB.
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huge memory access and processing time. Thus, remaining experiments are based on VM with 1024MB
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of allocated memory.
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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\begin{figure}
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\begin{figure}
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@ -208,17 +211,16 @@ component, formatting, style, styling, insert
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\end{figure}
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\end{figure}
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#+END_EXPORT
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#+END_EXPORT
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Next, we study the effects of increasing the number of sensors on the server energy consumption.
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Next, we study the effects of increasing the number of sensors on the server energy consumption.
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Figure \ref{fig:sensorsNumber-server} present the results of the average server energy
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Figure \ref{fig:sensorsNumber-server} present the results of the average server energy
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consumption when varying the number of sensors from 20 to 500 while Figure
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consumption when varying the number of sensors from 20 to 500 while Figure
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\ref{fig:sensorsNumber-WPS} present the average server energy cost per sensors according to the
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\ref{fig:sensorsNumber-WPS} present the average server energy cost per sensors according to the
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number of sensors. These shows a clear linear relation between the number of sensors and the
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number of sensors. These results show a clear linear relation between the number of sensors and
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server energy consumption. Moreover, we can see that the more sensors we have per server, the
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the server energy consumption. Moreover, we can see that the more sensors we have per server, the
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more energy we can save. In fact, since the idle server energy consumption is high, it is more
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more energy we can save. In fact, since the idle server energy consumption is high, it is more
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energy efficient to maximize the number of sensors per server. As showed on Figure
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energy efficient to maximize the number of sensors per server. As shown on Figure
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\ref{fig:sensorsNumber-WPS}, a significant amount of energy can be save when passing from 20
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\ref{fig:sensorsNumber-WPS}, a significant amount of energy can be save when passing from 20 to
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sensors to 300 per server.
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300 sensors per server.
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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\begin{figure}
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\begin{figure}
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\end{figure}
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\end{figure}
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#+END_EXPORT
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#+END_EXPORT
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A last parameter can leverage server energy consumption namely sensors send frequency. In
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A last parameter can leverage server energy consumption namely sensors send interval. In addition
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addition to increasing the application accuracy, sensors send frequency increase network traffic
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to increasing the application accuracy, sensors send interval increase network traffic and
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and database accesses. Figure \ref{fig:sensorsFrequency} present the impact on the server energy
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database accesses. Figure \ref{fig:sensorsFrequency} present the impact on the server energy
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consumption of changing the send interval of 50 sensors to 1s, 10s and 30s. We can see that, the
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consumption of changing the send interval of 50 sensors to 1s, 10s and 30s. We can see that, the
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more sensors send interval is low, the more server energy consumption peaks occurs. Therefore, it
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lower sensors send interval is, the more server energy consumption peaks occurs. Therefore, it
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leads to an increasing in the server energy consumption.
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leads to an increase of the server energy consumption.
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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\begin{figure}
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\begin{figure}
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** End-To-End Consumption
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** End-To-End Consumption
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To have an overview of the energy consume by the system, it is important to consider the
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To have an overview of the energy consume by the system, it is important to consider the
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end-to-end energy consumption. The Figure \ref{fig:end-to-end} represent the end-to-end system
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end-to-end energy consumption. The Figure \ref{fig:end-to-end} represents the end-to-end system
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energy consumption while varying the number of sensors. It is important to see that, for
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energy consumption while varying the number of sensors. It is important to see that, for
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small-scale systems, the server energy consumption is dominant face to the energy consumed by the
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small-scale systems, the server energy consumption is dominant face to the energy consumed by the
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sensors. However, since we are using a single server, large-scale sensors deployment lead to an
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sensors. However, since we are using a single server, large-scale sensors deployment lead to an
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increasing consumption of energy in the sensors side. On the other side, network energy
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increasing consumption of energy in the IoT part. On the other side, network energy consumption
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consumption is stable regarding to the number of sensors that are deployed since network the
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is stable regarding to the number of sensors since the system use case do not required large data
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system use case do not required large data transfer. Thus, it is important to remember that, to
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transfert. Thus, it is important to remember that, to save energy, we should maximize the number
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save energy, we should maximize the number of sensors handle by each cloud server while keeping a
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of sensors handle by each cloud server while keeping reasonable sensors request intervals.
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reasonable sensors requests intervals.
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
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\begin{figure}
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\begin{figure}
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